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ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a recognised neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person focuses, regulates attention, manages impulses, and controls activity levels. ADHD is commonly identified in childhood, but many individuals continue to experience symptoms into adolescence and adulthood.
The term Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder describes a pattern of behaviour rather than a lack of ability or intelligence. People with ADHD may struggle with concentration, organisation, restlessness, or impulsive actions, particularly in environments that demand sustained focus or structured routines. However, symptoms and their impact vary widely from person to person.
Breaking down what ADHD stands for can help clarify its meaning. Attention-deficit refers to ongoing difficulties with focus, concentration, time management, and organisation. Hyperactivity involves excessive movement, inner restlessness, or difficulty staying still, although this may be less visible in adults. Impulsivity refers to acting without thinking, interrupting others, or making quick decisions without considering consequences. Not every individual with ADHD experiences all of these challenges in the same way.
ADHD is typically categorised into three main presentations. The predominantly inattentive presentation is characterised by difficulties with focus, forgetfulness, and organisation. The predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation involves restlessness, impulsive behaviour, and difficulty regulating activity levels. The combined presentation includes symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity and is the most commonly diagnosed form.
ADHD is a medically recognised condition and is listed in international diagnostic manuals such as the DSM-5 and ICD-11. A formal diagnosis should always be carried out by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive assessment that considers clinical history, current symptoms, and functional impact.
Although ADHD is often associated with children, it is increasingly recognised in adults. Adult ADHD may present as chronic disorganisation, difficulties at work, problems with time management, emotional regulation challenges, or persistent feelings of underachievement. Many adults are diagnosed later in life after recognising lifelong patterns that were previously misunderstood or overlooked.
With the right support, individuals with ADHD can thrive. Treatment options may include behavioural strategies, psychoeducation, coaching, workplace adjustments, and, where appropriate, medication. Early identification and proper management can significantly improve quality of life, relationships, academic performance, and professional success.
